Omissions? [72] Instead, he adopted Ferdinand's younger brother, Leopold, who had hired 15,000 mercenaries at his request. Upon his death in 1564, his son, Maximilian II took the reigns. * Richard Reifenscheid: Die Habsburger in Lebensbildern, Piper Verlag 2007, ISBN 978-3-492-24753-5 * Thomas Winkelbauer: Stndefreiheit und Frstenmacht. He was the oldest son of Archduke Charles of the Inner Austrian line of the Hapsburgs (ruling in Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, etc., since 1576) and Maria, the daughter of Duke Albert V of Bavaria. , (16051619). * Maria Anna (1610-1665), Kurfrstin von Bayern 1635 Kurfrst Maximilian I., Sohn Herzog Wilhelm V. von Bayern und dessen Gattin Prinzessin Renate von Lothringen * Ccilia Renata (1611-1644), Knigin von Polen 1637 Knig Wadysaw IV. [69][70] However, William V and Maximilian of Bavaria ignored him when they and the three ecclesiastical electorsthe archbishops of Mainz, Trier and Cologneestablished the Catholic League in February 1610. Band 18, Herzberg 2001, ISBN 3-88309-086-7, Sp. Aufl. [107] The directors ignored Ferdinand's acts and made further preparations for an armed conflict. Graz 1998. Maximilian II (11 July 1662 - 26 February 1726), also known as Max Emanuel or Maximilian Emanuel, [1] was a Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire. An indecisive man, he depended much on the influence of his counselors and his Jesuit confessors. Corrections? [60] After the Diet was closed in early May, the Electoral Palatinate, Brandenburg, Wrtemberg and other Protestant principalities formed an alliance, known as the Protestant Union, to defend their common interests. In addition to becoming almost entirely Catholic, Bohemia would remain in Habsburg hands for nearly three hundred years. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Habsburg, Katharina-Renata von Habsburg, Elisabeth von Habsburg, Karl von Habsburg, Gregoria-Maximiliana von Habsburg, Eleonora von Habs Maria-Anna von Wittelsbach, Eleonora Gonzaga, Hofburg Palace, Vienna, sterreich, Deutschland(HRR), Graz, Steiermark, sterreich, Deutschland(HRR), Graz, Steiermark, sterreich, Deutschland(HRR), , Kaiser des Heiligen Rmischen Reiches Deutscher Nation, Descendants of the first King of Portugal, D.Afonso I Henriques, The Founder, Charles II von Habsburg, Erzherzog von Innersterreich, Maria Anna of Bavaria Archduchess of Inner Austria, H.I. Anfang des Jahres 1634 - Wallensteins Lager befand sich damals in Pilsen - war der aufgestachelte Kaiser durch Berichte Piccolominis, die geheimen Verhandlungen des Generalissimus mit Schweden und Franzosen, vermittelt durch den Emigranten Graf Kinsky, und durch den sog. Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1877, S. 644664. [75], Matthias was elected Holy Roman Emperor only months after Rudolph II died on 20 June 1612. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). After Frederick's flight to the Netherlands, Ferdinand ordered a massive effort to bring about re-conversion to Catholicism in Bohemia and Austria, causing Protestantism there to nearly disappear in the following decades, and reducing the Diet's power. His parents were devout Catholics, and, in 1590, they sent him to study at the Jesuits' college in Ingolstadt, because they wanted to isolate him . Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. [90][91] Ferdinand promised to respect the Letter of Majestya royal diploma that guaranteed religious freedom in the Lands of the Bohemian Crownonly after consulting with the local Jesuits. In his second marriage to Anna Juliana Gonzaga, he was the father of Anna of Tyrol, future Holy Roman Empress. * Matthias Schnettger: FERDINAND II.. [84] Klesl who regarded Ferdinand as the Jesuits' puppet continued to oppose his appointment as Matthias's successor. The French were highly dissatisfied with the terms of the Peace of Prague concluded in 1635, the last important act of Ferdinand. [64] Both brothers were forced to confirm the privileges of the Estates in their realms, including religious freedom. [4] They were devout Catholics, but Charles II had to grant concessions to his Lutheran subjects in 1572 and 1578 to secure the predominantly Protestant nobles and burghers' financial support for the establishment of a new defense system against the Ottoman Turks. Archduchess Maria Amalia (1746-1804) Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II (1747-1792) Archduchess Maria Caroline (stillborn 1748). The now-deposed Frederick fled to the Netherlands and Duke Maximilian I of Bavaria, the leader of the Catholic League, moved to confiscate his lands in the Palatinate. , (16101665), , . The Bohemian rebels established a provisional government, invaded Upper Austria, and sought assistance from the Habsburgs' opponents. . Tz vnyi tanuls utn, 18 vesen kapta els kormnyzi feladatt s cmt. The Armor of Emperor Ferdinand I is a suit of plate armor created by the Nuremberg armorer Kunz Lochner in 1549 for the future Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor. [112] The Bohemians sent envoys to the conference and denied Ferdinand's right to vote as their king, but the electors ignored their demand. Ferdinand II. The different interpretation of the Letter of Majesty, which summarized the Bohemian Protestants' liberties, gave rise to an uprising, known as the Second Defenestration of Prague on 23 May 1618. [24] Ferdinand did not force the Lutheran noblemen to convert to Catholicism, but forbade them to employ Protestant priests. [110] The Protestant Estates of Upper Austria demanded the confirmation of their religious and political liberties before recognizing Ferdinand as Matthias' successor. [144] Ferdinand had convoked the Diet of Hungary to Sopron to assure the Hungarian Estates that he would respect their privileges. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. [3] Their marriage brought about a reconciliation between the two leading Catholic families of the Holy Roman Empire. [81], Ferdinand sent troops against the Uskoks' principal center at Senj to put an end to their piratical raids in 1614. Barnabitenkolleg, Wien 1756. [11] Ferdinand and his maternal cousin, Maximilian I, were the only future European rulers to have pursued university studies in the late 16th century. [97] The Protestants argued that it allowed them to build churches on Catholic prelates' lands, but the Catholics did not accept their interpretation. , (16111644), , . Archduke Charles Joseph (1745-1761). His father was Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, Mother Maria Anna of Bavaria. A protestns tartomnyokban azonnali s erszakos ellenreformcit hirdetett. [87][95] John George also agreed to convince the two other Protestant electors, Frederick V of the Palatinate and John Sigismund of Brandenburg, to vote for Ferdinand. In July that same year (1590), when Ferdinand was 12 years old, his father died, and he inherited Inner AustriaStyria, Carinthia, Carniola and smaller provinces. After only two hours of fighting, the Catholics emerged victorious. They had seven children: In 1622, he married Eleonore of Mantua (Gonzaga) (15981655), the daughter of Duke Vincenzo I of Mantua and Eleonora de' Medici, at Innsbruck. Later generations are included although Austrian titles of nobility were abolished in 1919. [citation needed], A period of minor operations followed. [citation needed]. His heart was interred in the Herzgruft (heart crypt) of the Augustinian Church, Vienna. Ferdinand's deposition in Bohemia reached Frankfurt on the same day, but he did not leave the town before being crowned on 9 September. [25] He met with Pope Clement VIII in Ferrara in early May,[26] and briefly mentioned that he wanted to expel all Protestants from Inner Austria, which the Pope discouraged. Ferdinand II Elected Holy Roman Emperor. The Diets of Bohemia and Hungary confirmed Ferdinand's position as Matthias' successor only after he had promised to respect the Estates' privileges in both realms. Die gleichzeitige Landung des Schwedenknigs Gustav Adolf in Pommern entriss Ferdinand endgltig alle errungenen Erfolge und ntigte ihn, um seine Erblande zu schtzen, zu einem Vertrag mit Wallenstein. Made King of Hungary in 1625, King of Bohemia in 1627, and King of the Romans in 1636. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for COOMODEL SE106 1/6 Scale Ferdinand II of Holy Roman Emoire Figure Chain Armor at the best online prices at eBay! [54] The resulting agreement was included in the Treaty of Vienna, which granted religious freedom to Hungarian Protestants and prescribed the election of a palatine (or royal deputy) in Hungary on 23 June 1606. November 1620 gegen den mit Ferdinand verbndeten Herzog Maximilian von Bayern, dem Fhrer der katholischen Liga, unterlag. Updates? Mai 2010 um 19:35 Uhr gendert. * Jrg-Peter Findeisen: Der Dreiigjhrige Krieg. Verlag Carl Ueberreuther, Wien 2004., ISBN 3-8000-3532-4. Author of. Although he kept a frugal court, he was a bad financier who too generously gave away the greatest part of confiscated estates to his faithful followers. During the first decade of the Thirty Years War, Ferdinand strengthened his position by transferring the Palatinates electoral office to Maximilian of Bavaria. He belonged to the House of Habsburg, a German royal family. Ferdinand regarded the regulation of religious issues as a royal prerogative and introduced strict Counter-Reformation measures from 1598. [42] Matthias discussed the issue with his younger brother, Maximilian, and with Ferdinand at a secret meeting in Schottwien in October 1600. Ferdinand II, by the grace of God elected Holy Roman Emperor, forever August, King in Germany, King of Hungary, Bohemia, Dalmatia, Croatia, Slavonia, Rama, Serbia, Galicia, Lodomeria, Cumania, Bulgaria, Archduke of Austria, Duke of Burgundy, Brabant, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, Margrave of Moravia, Duke of Luxemburg, of the Higher and Lower Silesia, of Wrttemberg and Teck, Prince of Swabia, Count of Habsburg, Tyrol, Kyburg and Goritia, Marquess of the Holy Roman Empire, Burgovia, the Higher and Lower Lusace, Lord of the Marquisate of Slavonia, of Port Naon and Salines, etc. Februar 1637 in Wien) war von 1619 bis 1637 Kaiser des Heiligen Rmischen Reiches. Ferdinand of Hapsburg was born in Graz in Styria on July 13, 1608, son of the later emperor Ferdinand II and Maria Anna of Bavaria. Additionally, Ferdinand was an absolutist and infringed upon what nobles regarded as secular rights. Filed under: Holy Roman Empire -- History -- Ferdinand II, 1619-1623 -- Sources. [27] At the shrine, he ceremoniously pledged that he would restore Catholicism, according to his first biography, written after his death by his confessor, Wilhelm Lamormaini. [78] Philip III of Spain announced his claim to succeed Matthias in Bohemia and Hungary, emphasizing that his mother, Anna, the sister of Matthias, had never renounced her right to the two realms. Eventually, for reasons of state, Ferdinand reluctantly gave his consent to a second dismissal and the assassination of Wallenstein, who had treacherously entered into negotiations with the enemy (1634). Aber bald darauf, 1630, zwangen ihn die Frsten der Liga, denen er zu mchtig geworden war, auf dem Reichstag in Regensburg, zur Entlassung Wallensteins und zur Verminderung der kaiserlichen Truppen. Educated by the Jesuits, he became King of Hungary in 1625, King of Bohemia in 1627 and Archduke of Austria in 1621. Ferdinand was born in Graz, the eldest son of the archduke Charles, the ruler of Inner Austria (Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola), and Maria, a daughter of Albrecht V, duke of Bavaria. [105][106] Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy hired Ernst von Mansfeld to assist the Bohemians. The Thirty Years' War began in 1618 as a result of inadequacies of his predecessors Rudolf II and Matthias. [83] The Catholic Bohemian nobleman, Albrecht von Wallenstein, recruited 260 soldiers at his own expense. [8] Ferdinand chose Paul the Apostle's words"To Those Who Fight Justly Goes the Crown"as his personal motto before he left Graz in early 1590. 1630 , , 1632 . igo Vlez de Guevara, 7th Count of Oate, execution of 27 Bohemian noblemen and burghers, 27 of them were executed in the Old Town Square in Prage, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich, "Habsburg, Anna von Oesterreich (15281587)", Eleonora Maria Josefa, Queen of Poland, Duchess of Lorraine, Maria Josepha, Queen of Poland, Electress of Saxony, Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbttel, Archduchess Maria Anna, Abbess of Imperial and Royal Convent for Noble Ladies, Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples and Sicily, Maximilian Franz, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor&oldid=1149929177, Burials at St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna, Articles with Encyclopdia Britannica links, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles needing additional references from August 2022, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2022, Articles incorporating a citation from the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia without Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Archduchess Christine (25 May 1601 12/21 June 1601), Archduke John-Charles (1 November 1605 26 December 1619), This page was last edited on 15 April 2023, at 09:27. [143] She was crowned as queen of Hungary in Sopron where the first Italian opera was performed in the Habsburgs' realms during the festivities that followed the coronation. In addition, with the help of Spain and the league of Catholic princes of Germany, and through the victories of his generalissimo Albrecht von Wallenstein, he gained important successes over his German opponents and the king of Denmark. (1608-1657), rmisch-deutscher Kaiser 1. [156] First, he banned Protestant ceremonies in Bohemia proper and Moravia, even prohibiting the noblemen to hold Protestant pastors on 18 May. (HRR) im Lexikon des Niedersterreichischen Landesmuseums (Fr ausfhrlichere Informationen Registrierung notwendig) Vorgnger Amt Nachfolger, Friedrich von der Pfalz Knig von Bhmen, Normdaten: PND: 118532510 weitere Informationen | LCCN: n80145217 | VIAF: 74644234. [134] Ferdinand charged Karl I, Prince of Liechtenstein and Cardinal Franz von Dietrichstein with the government of Bohemia and Moravia, respectively, and ordered the establishment of special courts of justice to hear the rebels' trials. [61][62], Ferdinand's appointment as the Emperor's deputy to the Diet implied that Rudolph regarded Ferdinandthe only Habsburg who had already fathered childrenas his successor. Wasa von Polen, Sohn des Knig Sigismund III. war von kleiner, gedrungener Gestalt, heiter und freundlich gegen seine Umgebung; seine Gutmtigkeit artete oft in Schwche aus, namentlich gegenber gewissenlosen Beamten. [114] Maximilian did not accept the candidacy and Ferdinand was unanimously elected as Emperor on 28 August. [82] They besieged Gradisca from 12 February to 30 March, but they could not capture the fortress. Though the officials were uninjured, such actions did not fall within the realm of standard protocol, and the clear offense against the royal dignity led to a hardening of attitudes and full rebellion. Ferdinnd mg a kzdelem sorn, 1637-ben Bcsben meghalt. Without heirs, Emperor Matthias sought to assure an orderly transition during his lifetime by having his dynastic heir (the fiercely Catholic Ferdinand of Styria, later Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor) elected to the separate royal thrones of Bohemia and Hungary. Die Offiziere Gallas, inzwischen Generalleutnant, Piccolomini und Aldringen wurden mit der Exekution oder Gefangennahme beauftragt, unternahmen jedoch einige Wochen lang nichts Konkretes, auer dass sie ihre Informationen an die ihnen zuverlssig erscheinenden Truppenkommandanten weitergaben (wesentlicher Grund fr das lange Zgern war vermutlich, dass Wallensteins Anhngerschaft bei seinen Soldaten noch zu gro war). He maintained much of his power through the victories of Albrecht W.E. Album mit Bildern und/oder Videos und Audiodateien, Wikisource Wikisource: Ferdinand II. The Styrian nobles and burghers unsuccessfully sought assistance from Rudolph II and their Austrian peers against him. He confiscated the estates of the rebel magnates, reduced the Diet to impotence by a new constituent ordinance (1627), and forcibly catholicized Bohemia. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. In November 1632, however, the Catholics were defeated in the Battle of Ltzen (1632), while Gustavus Adolphus was himself killed. [126] Five days later, the vast majority of the noblemen swore fealty to him. "[65] He requested the scholar Caspar Schoppe, whom he had met at the Imperial Diet, to elaborate a detailed plan for an alliance of the Catholic monarchs. 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